In this paper we classify all the
quadratic vector fields which are in
the closure (within the quadratic family) of the family of systems with
a weak focus of second order. This family includes appart from systems
with a weak focus of second order, those with a weak focus of third
order, and some with a center.
The bifurcation diagram for this class,
done in the adequate parameter space which is the 3-dimensional real
projective space, is quite rich in its complexity and yields 373
subsets with 126 phase portraits for the whole class, 95 of them
specifically for quadratic vector fields with a weak focus of second
order. Thus, the paper contains pictures with all the phase
portraits, sketches of the bifurcations surfaces in three dimensions
and slices of the parameter space where one can see curves obtained by
intersecting the bifurcations surfaces with the slices. On some slices
all phase portraits are included, on others we only drew their labels
of these portraits which can be found in the pictures.
The complete three dimensional bifurcation diagram cannot be viewed by
projection on the paper due to its complexity. There are some slices
where the number
of phase portraits is so large that it has not been possible to display
all of them on the slice as this would yield a very crowded picture
with too small portraits. We have produced complete pictures for those
slices (or part of them) each one on one sheet, but they
all need an A0 format page to see the phase portraits at reasonably
well.
Thus, we have decided to open a web page where we include all those
files that one cannot include in the paper, so that the reader may
download freely for better understanding and possibly
further research. We will keep this page for as long as possible but
presumably not indefinitely.
We do not add here the paper due to the copyright,
but we place only the extra files, both in the original form (either
Mathematica or
Corel Draw) and the more compact JPG, with some helpful comments.
The original form is given in zipped form to
reduce space.
Please note that some of the files are very large and may take a lot to
download. They are consequently even bigger once unzipped. We have
added
the size of the files both zipped and unzipped so to warn you before
downloading.
Mathematica file containing most of the
calculations (3.514Kb/16.677Kb)
From this file, we recommend to open the Section "Study of the
3-dimensional region", subsection "Complete bifurcation map" and make a
mathematica film of the set of slices, either on the real plane, or on
the compactified plane.
Mathematica file containing a 3-dimensional view
of bifurcation surface S
1 (61.172Kb/296.122Kb).
Mathematica file containing a
3-dimensional view of bifurcation surface S
2
(3.863Kb/18.116Kb).
Mathematica file containing a
3-dimensional view of bifurcation surface S
5
(4.150Kb/25.446Kb).
Mathematica file containing a
3-dimensional view of bifurcation surface S
6
(4.247Kb/21.678Kb).
In each one of these files, one can see a series of 3-dimensional
images of the different bifurcation surfaces from different viewpoints.
They are done with the minimum precision, enough to be understood
but the user can freely change the parameter k on top of the file to
redo the computations with higher precision if he so decides. Note but
that
the amount of computing time may be huge. Also a film with the series
of images is recommended to view the surfaces from different view
points in a row.
Corel Draw files containing
2-dimensional views of the slices without phase portraits
(400Kb/643Kb). They include a decomposition in 4 pieces of the main
slice.
JPG files containing
2-dimensional views of the slices without phase portraits
(1.053Kb/1.156Kb). Nice to see all of them in a row with LVIEW or
similar
program.
Corel Draw files containing
2-dimensional views of the slices with phase portraits
(1.044Kb/1.281Kb). They include a decomposition in 4 pieces of the main
slice. Attention should be paid as these four files and also the one
corresponding to a=0 (pslic24p) are very large and must be printed in
format greater than A4 (up to A0).
All the pictures of the bifurcation diagram contained in the last three
sets of files are not quantitatively correct but they are qualitatively
right, and the shapes of the bifurcations have been modified in order
to make the subsets of the parameter space more visible, otherwise some
of them would be too small to be
seen.
We have also produced a set of images quantitatively accurate, and
close
to the most interesting part of the bifurcation diagram (see Figure 56
from the paper). They have been calculated numerically and included in
a sequence of Excel sheets.
Excel files containing
2-dimensional views of the part of the slices (1.002Kb/1.156Kb). Nice
to see them in a row.